Therefore, user-defined objects like aggregates and operators that reference those array function signatures must be dropped before upgrading, and recreated once the upgrade completes. Specifically, array_append(), array_prepend(), array_cat(), array_position(), array_positions(), array_remove(), array_replace(), and width_bucket() used to take anyarray arguments but now take anycompatiblearray. User-defined objects that reference certain built-in array functions along with their argument types must be recreated (Tom Lane) The above items and other new features of PostgreSQL 14 are explained in more detail in the sections below.

Libpq now has the ability to pipeline multiple queries, which can boost throughput over high-latency connections. VACUUM automatically becomes more aggressive, and skips inessential cleanup, if the database starts to approach a transaction ID wraparound condition.Įxtended statistics can now be collected on expressions, allowing better planning results for complex queries. Numerous performance improvements have been made for parallel queries, heavily-concurrent workloads, partitioned tables, logical replication, and vacuuming.ī-tree index updates are managed more efficiently, reducing index bloat. Range types have been extended by adding multiranges, allowing representation of noncontiguous data ranges.

In this release, the jsonb and hstore types have gained subscripting operators. Subscripting can now be applied to any data type for which it is a useful notation, not only arrays. The SQL-standard SEARCH and CYCLE options for common table expressions have been implemented.

Stored procedures can now return data via OUT parameters.

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